Lee suffered the bulk of the 8,500 casualties.

This was the sixth and last of the Seven Days’ Battles. On July 1, 1862, Lee launched a series of disjointed assaults on the nearly impregnable Union position on Malvern Hill. Porter, his Corps steadied after a rough time earlier, had established a strong line with plenty of artillery to cover the gently rolling ground. Confederate batteries came up at different times and the Union guns could switch to each in turn as they opened fire. The rebels suffered more than 5,300 casualties without gaining an inch of ground. Despite his victory, McClellan withdrew to entrench firmly at Harrison’s Landing on James River, where his army was protected by gunboats.

This ended the Peninsula Campaign. When McClellan’s army ceased to threaten Richmond, Lee sent Jackson to operate against Maj. Gen. John Pope’s army along the Rapidan River, the prelude to the Second Manassas campaign.

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Selected sources:
American Battlefield Protection Program, Heritage Preservation Services, National Park Service.