MARYLAND

Like its neighbor Delaware, Maryland was a slave state that stayed in the Union when Civil War broke out. Yet Lincoln had to use stringent measures to hold in check the pro-Southern elements in eastern Maryland, including the suspension of habeas corpus. It possessed a population of about 690,000 people in 1860, 515,000 white, 87,000 slaves, and 84,000 free blacks. Thirteen infantry regiments served the Union during the war, as did 1 heavy artillery regiment and several batteries, plus three cavalry regiments.

Confederate forces invaded Maryland in 1862, culminating in the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg). In 1863, Confederates under General Robert E. Lee marched through Maryland during their invasion of Pennsylvania. The state stayed loyal, but a few infantry regiments, 4 artillery batteries, and 2 cavalry regiments joined the Southern cause.

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