
The Russian flag is lowered in August 2009 at the conclusion of work at the "North Pole 36" research station. |

"North Pole 36" personnel pose in front of a nuclear-powered icebreaking ship. |

Russian explorers plant a flag in the polar ice at "North Pole-32" research station in 2003. |

Famed Russian polar explorer Artur Chilingarov fires a pistol into the air to celebrate establishment of a new research station in 2003. |

Submersible scientific research vessel "MIR" |

Russian President Vladimir Putin aboard an exploration vessel on the Barents Sea in 2005 |

Front view of the MIR submersible as it is hoisted into the water |

Nuclear icebreaker "Yamal" on its way to the North Pole, carrying 100 tourists, in 2001 |

Arctic ice melting in September 2009 |

Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker "Yamal" |

The "Akademik Fyodorov," a Russian scientific diesel-electric research vessel, the flagship of the Russian polar research fleet |

Nuclear icebreaker "50 Let Pobedy" ("50 Years of Victory") escorting the "Beluga Fraternity" and "Beluga Foresight" through the Northern Sea Route in 2009 |

Three polar bears approach the starboard bow of the submarine "USS Honolulu" while surfaced 280 miles from the North Pole in 2003 |

Canadian HMCS Goose Bay moored at the future site of the Nanisivik Naval Facility, during Operation Nanook, in August 2010 |

At a press conference, Artur Chilingarov holds a photo of the Russian flag his exploration team planted underwater at the North Pole. |

Famed Russian explorer Otto Shmidt |

Russia commemorated Arctic explorer Otto Shmidt on this postage stamp. |

In 1932, the icebreaking ship "Sibiryakov" proved the single-season navigability of the Northern Sea Route. |

The Cheliuskin sinking in 1934, crushed by the Arctic ice |

The aerial rescue of the "Cheliuskin" research team is a proud Russian memory. |

2001 Belorussian stamp set commemorating 110 years since the birth of Otto Shmidt. The stamps depict his Arctic triumphs: Northern Sea Route, Cheliuskin rescue, North Pole-1, Arctic flight. |

Station Commander of North Pole-1, Ivan Papanin |

Participants of the North Pole-1 expedition. Otto Shmidt is in the middle, with one of the airplanes that they landed at the North Pole. |

Russian coin commemorating the 1937 North Pole-1 research station |

Envelope commemorating 50 years since the historic 1937 flight of M. M. Gromov from Moscow to San Jacinto over the North Pole |

Statue in Nizhnii Novgorod celebrating the Arctic pilot V. P. Chkalov. The pedestal displays the route of his historic 1937 flight from Moscow to Vancouver, WA via the North Pole. |