The British responded with Hurricanes and Spitfires and the use of radar, which allowed them to see the German formations even before they left French airspace. In late August, the Germans changed their tactics from bombing airfields to bombing cities, especially London, and thus began the continued campaign against civilians which lasted throughout the rest of the war. The Germans greatly underestimated the strength of the British, and, combined with mounting losses, abandoned their planned invasion. The Royal Air Force had won the Battle of Britain.
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