THE OPPOSING LAND FORCES AT CHARLESTON.

THE "SWAMP ANGEL" MOUNTED AS A MONUMENT, IN TRENTON, NEW JERSEY.

parapet. The gun as it appeared on the parapet seemed to the Confederates as if in position for firing, and a large amount of ammunition was needlessly expended upon it.

From the hour of 1 o'clock on the afternoon of August 21st, when Lieutenant Sellmer's detachment started for the battery, thirteen guns and mortars, among which were two 10-inch Columbiads and two 10 inch sea-coast mortars, were trying to prevent the manning of the gun, and, after it had commenced firing, to silence it. But they did little damage to the battery and none to the men.

The mortar shells, with long-time fuses, did not explode until they had stuck in the mud, and the shells from the Columbiads burst in front of the parapet and did no damage.

No other guns were mounted in the marsh battery until September 7th, when Battery Wagner surrendered to the Union troops. (1) Then two 10 inch sea-coast mortars were placed there to draw off the fire of the batteries on James Island.

Colonel Serrell says that the distinctive features of the marsh battery as a work of engineering were "that the gun-platform was placed upon a gun-deck resting upon vertical sheet piling, outside and around which there was a grillage of logs. If the gun and the other weights upon the gun-deck were heavy enough to tend to sink in the mud, the weight upon the grillage, in the form of sand in bags, which formed the parapet and epaulement of the battery, by being increased, counterpoised the gun-deck. It was simply a force meeting another force of a like amount in an opposite direction." The English journal, "Engineering," in its review of the operations of the Federal and close of the war, speaks of the construction of this battery as one of the most important engineering works done by either army. It was a successful piece of difficult engineering, and a practical method of inflicting damage on a city nearly five miles distant, regardless of its army, its cannon, and its great fortifications, which were within close sight and easy range.

The " Swamp Angel" was purchased after the war with some condemned metal. and sent to Trenton, New Jersey, to be melted, but, having been identified, was set up on a granite monument in that city on the corner of Perry and Clinton streets.

(1) After the capture of Batteries Wagner and Gregg, guns were mounted on the latter fortification. General Gillmore, in his exhaustive work on " Engineer and Artillery Operations against the Defenses of Charleston in 1863" (New York, Van Nostrand, 1865), gives the record of one 30-pounder Parrott that sent 4253 shells toward the city of Charleston, many of them reaching it, others falling short.-W. S. S.

THE OPPOSING LAND FORCES AT CHARLESTON, S. C.

The composition, losses, and strength of each army as here stated give the gist of all the data obtainable in the Official Records. K stands for killed; w for wounded ; m w for mortally wounded ; m for captured or missing ; c for captured.

Union : Maj.-Gen. Quincy A. Gillmore, commanding Department of the South.

Confederate : General G. T. Beauregard, commanding Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.(2)

Battery Wagner, July 18th.

UNION.

First Division, Brig.-Gen. Truman Seymour (w).

First Brigade, Brig.-Gen. George C. Strong (m w) : 6th Conn., Col. John L. Chatfield (m w), Capt. John N. Tracy ; 9th Me., Col. Sabine Emery (w) ; 54th Mass. (colored). Col. Robert G. Shaw (k), Capt. Luis F. Emilio ; 3d N. H., Col. John H. Jackson (w) ; 48th N. Y., Col. William B. Barton (w) ; 76th Pa., Capt. John S. Littell.

Second Brigade, Col. Haldimand S. Putnam (k) : 7th N. H., Lieut.-Col. Joseph C. Abbott ; 100th N. Y., Col. George B. Dandy ; 62d Ohio, Col. Francis B. Pond ; 67th Ohio, Col. Alvin C. Voris.

Artillery, Lieut: Col. Richard W: Jackson and Capt. Loomis L. Langdon (in charge of siege-batteries) : C, 3d R. I., Capt. Charles R. Brayton ; E, 3d U. S., Lieut. John R. Myrick.

Total Union loss : killed, 246 ; wounded, 880 ; captured or missing, 389 = 1515. The strength of the assaulting column (exclusive of Stevenson's brigade, held in reserve is estimated at 5000.

CONFEDERATE.

Garrison., Brine.-Gen. William B. Taliaferro : 32d Ga., Col. George P. Harrison, Jr. ; 31st N. C., Lieut.-Col. C. W. Knight ; 51st N. C., Col. Hector McKethan ; Charleston (S. C.) Battalion, Lieut.-Col. P. C. (Gaillard (w) ; 7th S. C. Battalion, Maj.. J. H. Rion.

Artillery, Lieut.-Col. J. C. Simkins (k) : 63d Ga. (2 co's), Capts. J. T. Buckner and W. J. Dixon ; 1st S. C. (2 co's), Capts. W. T. Tatom (k) and Warren Adams ; S. C. Battery, Capt. W. L. De Pass.

Total Confederate loss : killed and wounded, 174.

Total force guarding fortifications around Charleston, about 8500.

Total engaged at Battery Wagner, about 1000.

(2) That part of Florida east of the Apalachicola River was added to General Beauregard's command October 7th, 1862.