| Year |
International
Relations |
Politics |
Science &
Technology |
Society &
Culture |
Economics &
Daily Life |
| 1500 |
|
|
|
Madonna and Child by Michelangelo
|
|
| 1501 |
|
Safavid dynasty rules Iran (1501 - 1722)
|
|
|
|
| 1502 |
|
(1) Machiavelli and the Borgas
(2) Montezuma II becomes Aztec emperor
|
|
|
|
| 1503 |
|
|
|
Leonardo's Mona Lisa
|
|
| 1506 |
Charles of Ghent inherits the Burgundian possessions of his father Philip I
|
|
Christopher Columbus dies
|
Francis Xavier born
|
|
| 1508 |
|
|
|
Michelangelo paints the Sistine Chapel
|
|
| 1509 |
|
Henry VIII assumes English throne
|
|
|
|
| 1510 |
|
|
|
|
Portugese ship slaves to the Americas
|
| 1512 |
|
|
Amerigo Vespucci dies
|
|
|
| 1513 |
|
|
(1) Florida discovered by Ponce de Leon
(2) Balboa sees the Pacific
|
|
|
| 1516 |
Charles of Ghent proclaimed king of Aragon and Castile after the death of his grandfather Ferdinand II
|
|
|
|
|
| 1517 |
|
|
|
Martin Luther's 95 Theses begins the Reformation
|
|
| 1519 |
Charles of Ghent secures election as King of the Romans with financial support from the Fugger banking family
|
|
Ferdinand Magellan leaves to circumnavigate the world
|
|
|
| 1520 |
|
|
|
Field of the Cloth of Gold; Fabulous meeting between Francis I of France and Henry VIII of England
|
|
| 1521 |
(1) Portugal rules Bahrain 1521 - 1602
(2) Battle of Tenochtitlan; Cortes completes conquest of Aztec Empire
|
|
Magellan killed in the Philippines
|
At the Imperial Diet of Worms, Martin Luther refuses to recant his critique of the Catholic Church and Charles V declares him a heretic
|
|
| 1524 |
|
German peasant revolt
|
|
|
|
| 1525 |
(1) Spanish army defeats French at Battle of Pavia; Spain becomes dominant power in Italy
(2) Imperial-Spanish army commanded by Charles de Lannoy defeats a French army at the Battle of Pavia and takes French king Francis I captive
|
|
|
|
|
| 1526 |
(1) Battle of Panipat
(2) Mogul-Afghan War
|
|
|
|
|
| 1527 |
Imperial troops sack Rome
|
|
|
|
|
| 1528 |
|
|
|
Albrecht Durer dies
|
|
| 1530 |
Pope Clement VII crowns Charles as Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
|
|
|
Augsburg Confessions
|
|
| 1531 |
Spanish Conquest of Peru begins
|
|
|
|
|
| 1532 |
Battle of Cajamarca
|
|
|
Machiavelli's The Prince
|
|
| 1533 |
|
Kabir Nanak dies
|
|
|
|
| 1534 |
|
|
Cartier in Canada
|
(1) Martin Luther publishes a full translation of the Old and New Testaments in German
(2) England splits from Roman Catholic Church; Henry VIII confiscates church property and establishes Church of England
|
|
| 1535 |
|
|
|
Sir Thomas More executed
|
|
| 1536 |
|
Anne Boylen executed
|
|
(1) Erasmus dies
(2) John Calvin's Protestant theological tract Institutes of the Christian Religion
|
|
| 1539 |
|
|
De Soto explores Florida
|
|
|
| 1540 |
|
|
|
Order of the Jesuits founded
|
|
| 1541 |
|
|
(1) De Soto finds the Mississippi River
(2) Coronado reaches Kansas
|
El Greco born
|
|
| 1543 |
|
|
Copernicus publishes heliocentric theory and dies shortly thereafter
|
|
|
| 1545 |
|
|
|
First Council of Trent meets in response to the Protestant Reformation
|
|
| 1546 |
Smalkaldic War
|
|
Tycho Brahe born
|
|
|
| 1547 |
|
Henry VIII dies
|
|
|
|
| 1549 |
|
|
|
Christianity reaches Japan
|
|
| 1552 |
Charles V loses power
|
|
|
Francis Xavier dies
|
|
| 1554 |
|
Lady Jane Grey executed
|
|
|
|
| 1555 |
Peace of Augsburg
|
Charles V abdicates; Philip II becomes king of Habsburg territories in Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands
|
|
|
|
| 1556 |
|
Akbar the Mongol in India
|
|
|
|
| 1558 |
Battle of St. Quentin
|
Queen Mary I dies
|
|
|
|
| 1559 |
|
(1) Queen Elizabeth coroneted
(2) Charles V dies
|
|
John Knox
|
|
| 1561 |
|
|
|
(1) St. Basil in Moscow completed
(2) St Paul's in London burns
(3) Francis Bacon born
|
|
| 1562 |
|
French Wars of Religion begin
|
|
|
|
| 1564 |
|
|
Galileo born
|
(1) Shakespeare born
(2) Michelangelo dies
(3) Calvin Hobbes dies
|
|
| 1565 |
|
St Augustine, Florida founded
|
|
|
|
| 1566 |
Netherlands revolt against Spain
|
|
|
|
|
| 1567 |
|
|
|
|
Rio de Janeiro founded
|
| 1571 |
Combined Spanish, Venetian, and Papal fleet destroys Ottoman fleet at Battle of Lepanto
|
|
Johann Kepler born
|
|
|
| 1572 |
|
|
|
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre begins in France; Thousands of Calvinist Huguenots killed throughout France
|
|
| 1573 |
|
|
|
Caravaggio born
|
|
| 1576 |
|
|
Frobisher searches for the Northwest Passage
|
First theatre in England built
|
|
| 1577 |
|
|
|
Peter Paul Rubens born
|
|
| 1578 |
|
|
Frederick II builds Tycho Brahe an observatory
|
|
|
| 1581 |
Cossacks conquer Siberia
|
|
|
|
|
| 1584 |
William of Orange Assassinated
|
|
|
|
English attempt to establish colony on Roanoke Island; All colonists disappear
|
| 1587 |
Mary, Queen of Scots dies
|
|
|
|
|
| 1588 |
Spanish Armada defeated by English fleet; Spanish invasion of England fails due to battle and weather
|
|
|
|
|
| 1592 |
|
|
|
Pompeii discovered
|
|
| 1593 |
|
|
|
Henry IV of France converts to Catholicism to secure the French crown
|
|
| 1598 |
|
Henry IV grants concessions to Huguenots in the Edict of Nantes
|
|
|
|
| Year |
Government,
Politics, & War |
Art & Culture |
Science &
Technology |
Religion &
Philosophy |
Daily Life &
Health |
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